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117 Applying the Competency Index for Clinical Research Professionals (CICRP) for Educational Program Evaluation
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- Carolynn Thomas Jones, Xin Liu, Carlton Hornung, Jessica Fritter, Marjorie V. Neidecker
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- Journal:
- Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 8 / Issue s1 / April 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 03 April 2024, p. 34
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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: To demonstrate the value of the Competency Index for Clinical Research Professional (CICRP) as a tool in program evaluation using a pre- and post- design to evaluate student perceived self-efficacy in clinical trial competencies at program entry and at program completion. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Using a separate-sample pre-post study design, we administered the CICRP questionnaire to students in the entry and exit courses of the Master of Clinical Research (MCR) Program during the 2021-2022 academic year, using QualtricsTM (Provo, Utah) survey instrument for use on desktop or mobile device. We included the 20 CICRP competency items asking students to rate their self-efficacy in performing each item using a Likert Scale (from 0-10) (0=not at all confident; 10= extremely confident). Links to the survey were included in the courses for the foundational entry course and for the final culminating project course. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Overall, 54 students took the CICRP during the entry course and 56 during the exit. Cronbach’s alpha for each assessment ranged from 0.93 to 0.98. Both the Welch’s two-sample t-test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test show very significant differences between the group of students entering the program and leaving the program (p value < 0.001). A significant increase in mean CICRP total score is seen at each experience level between program entry and program exit (p<0.001) A linear regression, adjusting for available covariates, individuals taking the exit course have a mean CICRP total score 92.690 (p value < 0.001) higher than individuals taking the entry course. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Competency indices have been used to measure self-efficacy in translational research scientists, thus the use of CICRP to measure self-efficacy can be useful in assessing whether our competency-based program is meeting the JTF Competency needs of students.
Contents
- Eldred Durosimi Jones, Corpus Christi College, Oxford and the Royal Society of Arts
- With Marjorie Jones
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- Book:
- The Freetown Bond
- Published by:
- Boydell & Brewer
- Published online:
- 05 April 2013
- Print publication:
- 15 November 2012, pp vii-viii
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3 - In the Footsteps of Ajayi Crowther
- Eldred Durosimi Jones, Corpus Christi College, Oxford and the Royal Society of Arts
- With Marjorie Jones
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- Book:
- The Freetown Bond
- Published by:
- Boydell & Brewer
- Published online:
- 05 April 2013
- Print publication:
- 15 November 2012, pp 37-48
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Summary
My first year at Fourah Bay College 1944/45 was spent in Mabang, the historic building at Cline Town having been commandeered in support of the British war effort, as were the buildings of almost all the secondary schools. The College was still a small institution whose influence throughout West Africa and beyond was out of all proportion to its size. Only 787 students had signed the register before me since Samuel Ajayi Crowther in 1827; he was Yoruba and was to become the first African bishop in the Anglican Church. Fifteen freshmen in 1944 – Sierra Leoneans, Nigerians and Ghanaians – compared more than favourably with only three the previous year. The very existence of the college was threatened by the minority recommendations of the Elliott Commission report on Higher Education in West Africa, which the British Secretary of State for the Colonies accepted, and which recommended the closure of university work in Sierra Leone. Fourah Bay was saved only by the resolute resistance of the citizens to this outrage. The monastic institution – the few female students had withdrawn when the college had been transferred from Freetown to the spartan conditions of Mabang – had to struggle with the demands of the Durham University Bachelor's Degrees without running water, electricity, telephone, shops, fresh food and other amenities of city life.
5 - Home Pastures
- Eldred Durosimi Jones, Corpus Christi College, Oxford and the Royal Society of Arts
- With Marjorie Jones
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- Book:
- The Freetown Bond
- Published by:
- Boydell & Brewer
- Published online:
- 05 April 2013
- Print publication:
- 15 November 2012, pp 60-85
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The term at Fourah Bay College was to begin in October 1953 so we had a little time to re-acclimatize, which we spent visiting relations. I squeezed in a small class for second year repeaters, one of whom I had casually met in the city and who had asked for help. My enterprise agreeably surprised Mr Grant, then head of the university department and later Principal, but it gave me a little taste of what I was to be engaged in for practically the rest of my working life.
Fourah Bay, when I left for Oxford was already beginning to grow but it had been given a transfusion by the 1950 Fourah Bay College Act by which, for the first time in its more than a century's existence, the Government had taken over responsibility for the financing of the institution from the Church Missionary Society which nobly, and at great sacrifice by individuals, had struggled to keep it alive. The tens of students in the 1940s had grown into hundreds and the college was now set for the thousands which make up the University of Sierra Leone as it later became.
Foreword
- Eldred Durosimi Jones, Corpus Christi College, Oxford and the Royal Society of Arts
- With Marjorie Jones
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- Book:
- The Freetown Bond
- Published by:
- Boydell & Brewer
- Published online:
- 05 April 2013
- Print publication:
- 15 November 2012, pp xi-xiv
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Another of those universally accepted truths seems to be that anyone who is literate and lives to be eighty must write an autobiography. My friends urged this for many years and finally with Marjorie's help with whom I have shared almost all of my adult life – we have been married for over sixty years – I set to work.Without her help, this work could never have been undertaken. She aided my recollections by ploughing through files, recalling dates, and sat patiently at the computer while I let my memory roam over many years and many lands. My gratitude to her is immeasurable. I have shied away from the word ‘autobiography’ which suggests something more formal than this relaxed reminiscence over a much enjoyed life.When I sent the completed manuscript to my long time friend and publisher, James Currey, he responded with such enthusiasm that we have since been hard put to keep pace with him. Lynn Taylor, another old friend, kept up the momentum and together we got the copy ready for publication. I am grateful to both of them.
Index
- Eldred Durosimi Jones, Corpus Christi College, Oxford and the Royal Society of Arts
- With Marjorie Jones
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- Book:
- The Freetown Bond
- Published by:
- Boydell & Brewer
- Published online:
- 05 April 2013
- Print publication:
- 15 November 2012, pp 169-174
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1 - Early Childhood under the British Flag
- Eldred Durosimi Jones, Corpus Christi College, Oxford and the Royal Society of Arts
- With Marjorie Jones
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- Book:
- The Freetown Bond
- Published by:
- Boydell & Brewer
- Published online:
- 05 April 2013
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- 15 November 2012, pp 1-25
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Summary
In January 1986 a tenant in a house in the middle of Leah Street in the east end of Freetown, prudently gathered up the fag ends of her firewood from the communal kitchen, took them into her room and went to bed to be woken by the heat of flames which wiped out the ambience and the culture of the neighbourhood in which my childhood, youth and early manhood were moulded. Sam Metzger, the veteran journalist and editor of We Yone, a fellow eastender, chronicled the event with reference to our family. Chukwudinka Kawaley wrote from far off Bermuda lamenting the loss of No. 18 Leah Street. The two family houses in which I spent all my years from my birth to the age of twenty-five, were totally destroyed along with the properties of several cousins and family friends. One half of our relations on my father's side lived in that short stretch of Leah Street. The parallel Vinton Street, housed most of the other half – the grand residence of my father's elder sister, ‘BigMama”, the matriarch of the Jarretts. Another cluster of Jarretts lived merely a stone's throw away on Kissy Road. This close proximity of the Jones/Jarrett clan made for a rich family life with children and adults constantly going in and out of the various houses enjoying the particular characteristics of each.
10 - Twilight & Evening Bell
- Eldred Durosimi Jones, Corpus Christi College, Oxford and the Royal Society of Arts
- With Marjorie Jones
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- Book:
- The Freetown Bond
- Published by:
- Boydell & Brewer
- Published online:
- 05 April 2013
- Print publication:
- 15 November 2012, pp 160-165
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Now in our eighties, we keep telling each other that it is time we moved out of our large house into Marjorie's dream cottage. The size and the stairs are becoming too much for us. But where, we ask, would all the books go – we still refer to them from time to time. Marjorie no longer makes clothes professionally but she still keeps in touch with her sewing machine and all the paraphernalia that go with bringing designs to life. Then there is the computer and its surrounding station, the television and music centre, all of which are spread out in the all-purpose studio. The Yamaha Grand would fill the whole of the living space and we would have to give up our favourite part of the garden. We are still thinking. But occasionally the house asserts itself when the sitting room, at the persuasion of friends like Joy Samake and Kitty Fadlu-Deen, is transformed into a small concert hall – the best in the city, Joy declares – and a young recitalist thrills a small audience with an evening at the piano. Marjorie herself still recalls on the instrument some of the pieces she once played so well.
The Freetown Bond
- A Life under Two Flags
- Eldred Durosimi Jones
- With Marjorie Jones
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- Published by:
- Boydell & Brewer
- Published online:
- 05 April 2013
- Print publication:
- 15 November 2012
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Eldred Durosimi Jones is known internationally as being central to the establishment of the study of African writing in the new universities of Africa, Britain and North America. The annual ‘African Literature Today’ of which he was founding editor in 1968, is a key marker of this growth. In addition, his book ‘Othello's Countrymen’ introduced Africa into Shakespeare studies. Born in 1925, the account of his early years gives a vivid picture of growing up in Freetown in the latter days of British colonial rule. He was an exceptional young man who was able to take advantage of the unusual style of this city-state. He studied in two of the historic institutions of Equatorial Africa, the CMS Grammar School and Fourah Bay College to which young men flocked from all over the region earning Freetown the title 'The Athens of West Africa'. After further studies at Oxford, Eldred Jones committed himself to his own country and it was appropriate that for over thirty years he was successively Lecturer, Professor, Principal and Pro-Vice-Chancellor of Fourah Bay College in Freetown, which had been set up in 1827 and was the first university college in Africa south of the Sahara. He lost his sight in his middle years and this book, like all his later written work, has been brought to the page by his wife Marjorie Jones. Her gift for story-telling about their lives as Sierra Leone was gripped by civil war has added to this highly individual book. Eldred Durosimi Jones is Emeritus Professor of English Language and Literature, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts, recipient of the Royal Society of Arts Silver Medal, Honorary Fellow, Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and joint winner (with Marjorie Jones) of the African Studies Association of the UK Distinguished Africanist Award.
9 - Books, Words, Causes
- Eldred Durosimi Jones, Corpus Christi College, Oxford and the Royal Society of Arts
- With Marjorie Jones
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- Book:
- The Freetown Bond
- Published by:
- Boydell & Brewer
- Published online:
- 05 April 2013
- Print publication:
- 15 November 2012, pp 140-159
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Summary
African Literature Today
The history of the critical journal African Literature Today which I edited for some thirty-three years should give encouragement to scholars in universities of the developing world where access to publication is often difficult and producing a journal for international circulation almost impossible. Its story therefore, as I recounted it when I retired from the editorship, is worth repeating.
The first number of the journal, which came out in 1968, was the result of a confluence of enthusiasms, mine for the new literature of Africa, that of Heinemann Educational Books which had the largest list of African writers, and James Currey, Keith Sambrook and Alan Hill, who looked after that pioneering list. The journal had been preceded by a much humbler cyclostyled Bulletin of African Literature, which was a direct result of an African Literature conference in 1964, held at Fourah Bay. It was this lowly mimeographed Bulletin that caught the eye of Keith Sambrook. The purpose of the journal was to provide a forum for the examination of African literature, to open the literature to both academic and general readers particularly within Africa itself.
Frontmatter
- Eldred Durosimi Jones, Corpus Christi College, Oxford and the Royal Society of Arts
- With Marjorie Jones
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- Book:
- The Freetown Bond
- Published by:
- Boydell & Brewer
- Published online:
- 05 April 2013
- Print publication:
- 15 November 2012, pp i-vi
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List of Illustrations
- Eldred Durosimi Jones, Corpus Christi College, Oxford and the Royal Society of Arts
- With Marjorie Jones
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- Book:
- The Freetown Bond
- Published by:
- Boydell & Brewer
- Published online:
- 05 April 2013
- Print publication:
- 15 November 2012, pp ix-x
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4 - The Gleaming Spires of Oxford
- Eldred Durosimi Jones, Corpus Christi College, Oxford and the Royal Society of Arts
- With Marjorie Jones
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- Book:
- The Freetown Bond
- Published by:
- Boydell & Brewer
- Published online:
- 05 April 2013
- Print publication:
- 15 November 2012, pp 49-59
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In Evelyn Waugh's Brideshead Revisited, Charles Ryder's cousin advises his young relation against taking rooms in the quad of his college. My rooms in my second year in Corpus Christi College were in the Pelican Quad, within a few paces of the hall, chapel and junior common room but, unlike Ryder's cousin, I never felt either besieged or misused by other undergraduates always popping in and out of my rooms, depositing their gowns after chapel and otherwise disturbing my peace. Friends did after dinner in hall occasionally drop in for coffee as I did on others in this small college where lifelong friendships could easily be formed. Over the years half a dozen of my college friends were to turn up in Freetown, some with their wives, mainly as a result of our meeting at Corpus. Time was to reveal to me and evidently to them, how we had influenced each other. Conversation started in hall hardened into more serious discussions making deeply etched impressions. One of my friends, Frank Oakley, later President of Williams College, Massachusetts, presenting me half a century after our first meeting for an honorary degree, wrote, ‘As an undergraduate at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, during the twilight years of European rule in Africa, you nudged your fellow students out of their metropolitan provincialism by a winning combination of patience, and the gift of lasting friendship’.
8 - All Freetown's a Stage
- Eldred Durosimi Jones, Corpus Christi College, Oxford and the Royal Society of Arts
- With Marjorie Jones
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- Book:
- The Freetown Bond
- Published by:
- Boydell & Brewer
- Published online:
- 05 April 2013
- Print publication:
- 15 November 2012, pp 125-139
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Summary
Acting
I always valued my connections with the town and kept up my associations all the time during my tenure at Fourah Bay College above the town on Mount Aureol. I served on the parochial committee of Holy Trinity Church under three successive vicars, during which time the old school building of my childhood with its workshop and the ancient palm tree were taken down and replaced with the new boys primary school. I played cricket and, on my retirement from the field, spent several seasons as commentator for international matches. My involvement with drama, mainly with the British Council Dramatic Society and the National Theatre League, also kept me in touch.
Music and drama have always been part of my life. I joined the Holy Trinity Church choir as a probationer at the age of six and sang there throughout childhood and early manhood. Thereafter, I sang with the choirs of Fourah Bay College and of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. With Logie Wright's Cecilians in Freetown we performed, among other works, Beethoven's Mass in C, Mozart's Requiem and Fauré's Requiem. I was to hear the last again many years later at La Madeleine in Paris, the church where the composer had once been organist. It was sung by a UNESCO choir with Willie Conton singing bass; he had served as ‘repetiteur’ during rehearsals.
7 - West African Travels
- Eldred Durosimi Jones, Corpus Christi College, Oxford and the Royal Society of Arts
- With Marjorie Jones
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- Book:
- The Freetown Bond
- Published by:
- Boydell & Brewer
- Published online:
- 05 April 2013
- Print publication:
- 15 November 2012, pp 108-124
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Summary
Kwame Nkrumah had swept from prison in the Gold Coast to become President of independent Ghana in 1957 and inspired all British Africa to follow suit. The opportunity to visit two of our closest friends at such a time was too tempting to be resisted. In 1958 we arrived in Accra on the day Lord Listowel, the last Governor-General of the Gold Coast, was leaving in a burst of pageantry severing the final bond between Britain and its colony. The atmosphere in Ghana was electric. Nkrumah had gathered from various countries ideological allies who seemed as committed to Ghana's development as his many compatriots, who were determined to take the country into the front line of nations. His Attorney-General Geoffrey Bing, for instance, a successful British QC and member of the Westminster parliament, was as integrated into this ideal as any native-born Ghanaian. In parliament, democracy flourished as we watched the two protagonists confronting each other in debate; the passionate Nkrumah, resplendent in Kente, and the intellectual Busia in his Western-style suit. All seemed set for a flourishing future. The mood pervaded every aspect of life. Churches, mosques, markets, schools, the university, theatre, poetry and the arts all vibrated with the promise of a new Africa.
2 - Manhood's Gleam in Boyish Eyes
- Eldred Durosimi Jones, Corpus Christi College, Oxford and the Royal Society of Arts
- With Marjorie Jones
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- Book:
- The Freetown Bond
- Published by:
- Boydell & Brewer
- Published online:
- 05 April 2013
- Print publication:
- 15 November 2012, pp 26-36
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Summary
I left the Holy Trinity School at the end of 1937 and started at the CMS Grammar School in January 1938. I believe there were entrance examinations to determine into what form boys were placed but I was admitted without an entrance examination, at least not a formal one. One day during the Christmas vacation, on the instructions of my father, I went to see the Principal of the Grammar School, the Rev. Mr P. Hycy Willson. I timidly climbed up what seemed to be an endless flight of stairs, past what I came to know later as the chapel, to the Principal's living quarters. Mr Hycy Willson was well known, both at Fourah Bay College where he had also taught and at the Grammar School, as a psychologist whose rather unconventional approach to education did not always endear him to the old boys and others who placed, according to him, an inordinately high value on certificates. He received me very kindly and after a few minutes' conversation sat me down in a large armchair by a window overlooking Kroo Bay with a view across to Prince of Wales School on the King Tom Peninsula.
6 - America & New Found Lands
- Eldred Durosimi Jones, Corpus Christi College, Oxford and the Royal Society of Arts
- With Marjorie Jones
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- Book:
- The Freetown Bond
- Published by:
- Boydell & Brewer
- Published online:
- 05 April 2013
- Print publication:
- 15 November 2012, pp 86-107
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In pursuance of my research into the use of Africans and black characters on the Elizabethan and Jacobean stage, I had the rare privilege to do research at the Folger Shakespeare Library in Washington D. C. in 1960. This was America before the 1964 Civil Rights Act and the great Selma civil rights marches in Alabama in 1965. John F. Kennedy was in the thick of the campaign which was to make him the youngest President of the United States of America while also breaking a religious barrier as the first Roman Catholic to be elected to that high office. It was indeed an exciting time to be in the States both as a scholar and as a citizen of the world in a period of transition and change. It was an equally exciting time in Sierra Leone, which achieved its independence on 27 April 1961 while I was still in America. Indeed, I spent Independence Day itself ending a seminar on Language in Sierra Leone, in the University of Wisconsin at Madison, where the only Sierra Leonean student, a young lady, turned up at my final lecture displaying a large placard with the slogan ‘Sierra Leone Independence Day, April 27 1961’
Appendix
- Eldred Durosimi Jones, Corpus Christi College, Oxford and the Royal Society of Arts
- With Marjorie Jones
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- Book:
- The Freetown Bond
- Published by:
- Boydell & Brewer
- Published online:
- 05 April 2013
- Print publication:
- 15 November 2012, pp 166-168
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eleven - New communities and social cohesion: third sector approaches to evaluation
- Edited by Ines Newman, Peter Ratcliffe, University of Warwick
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- Book:
- Promoting Social Cohesion
- Published by:
- Bristol University Press
- Published online:
- 01 September 2022
- Print publication:
- 11 May 2011, pp 226-241
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Introduction
Given the book's overall focus on ‘social cohesion’ – rather than the more limited approach that has been envisaged via government initiatives to promote ‘community cohesion’ – this chapter starts by arguing the case for the importance of active engagement to build social solidarity across the broadest possible range of civil society organisations. Having set out the case for the importance of third sector involvement overall, the chapter moves on to focus on third sector challenges in relation to evaluation, including those involved in the evaluation of community development-based initiatives and approaches that involve participative research strategies.
Finally, the chapter concludes by exploring the development of evaluation research strategies in the third sector through a case study for illustration, that of PRAXIS, a non-governmental organisation that seeks to help new migrants (including refugees and asylum seekers) to settle; also fostering reconciliation, human rights and social justice, working with established as well as with new communities.
Why this focus on the civil society and the third sector?
Why, then, this emphasis on the involvement of civil society in general and the third sector more specifically? There is already considerable recognition that a community development approach is going to be needed, if progress is to be made, from the bottom up, challenging divisions within and between communities and building effective alliances to tackle common issues and problems across these divides. Previous research, undertaken with colleagues, exploring ways of developing strategies to promote both community engagement and community cohesion, concluded that these depended on ‘the development and implementation of community development strategies’ (Blake et al, 2008, p 71).
This previous research argued that community development professionals need to work with informal networks to reach new communities, while continuing to work with more established communities and structures, building sustainable relationships of understanding and trust. Third sector organisations have vital roles to play here, it was suggested, supporting outreach work; providing bridges and safe spaces for communities to meet and to negotiate differences; facilitating shared events, including festivals, sports events, community outings and welcome events; and, most importantly, supporting community advocacy and campaigns that challenge racism and other forms of discrimination (Blake et al, 2008).
Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
-
- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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